{"id":19,"ordinal":0,"modified":"2026-04-17 19:33:17","content_modified":"2026-04-17 19:33:17","featured":0,"title":"The Colorado Coalfield War, 1913–14","creator":"Natalie Larsen, Brigham Young University","description":"<p>Beneath the serene landscape of southern Colorado’s arid foothill country are the remnants of two forgotten worlds. Far beneath it all are the remains of prehistoric plants and animals, decayed and crushed to form rich, accessible coal deposits. Simultaneously, in the blackness of now-abandoned mine shafts, remain the buried dreams of the miners who first extracted the sooty treasure. These mines and the surrounding communities were once the sites of America’s deadliest labor conflict, an eight-month struggle that culminated in the death of dozens of people. Ultimately, the strike ended in stalemate for the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company (CFI) and the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). The most tragic chapter of the strike, the Ludlow Massacre, continues to inspire activists and artists alike. For union members around the world, Ludlow has remained an important symbol of their shared heritage and a reminder of why their organizations exist. A monument erected by the UMWA in 1918 still stands just off Interstate 25, where it receives thousands of visitors every year. </p>","postscript_text":"","tour_img":"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/fullsize/e11b9f0a938a00cd5b3ec03e023ad8f0.jpg","items":[{"id":218,"title":"Conditions at the CFI Mines of the Colorado Coalfields","latitude":37.62467939999999799738361616618931293487548828125,"longitude":-104.78236920000000509389792568981647491455078125,"thumbnail":"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/square_thumbnails/e11b9f0a938a00cd5b3ec03e023ad8f0.jpg","fullsize":"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/fullsize/e11b9f0a938a00cd5b3ec03e023ad8f0.jpg","subtitle":null,"address":null,"custom":{"subtitle":null,"text":null}},{"id":219,"title":"The Colorado Coalfield Strike of 1913-1914","latitude":37.402793000000002621163730509579181671142578125,"longitude":-104.65331869999999980791471898555755615234375,"thumbnail":"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/square_thumbnails/3f01a2004adb3e26ee5a32815170fd21.jpg","fullsize":"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/fullsize/3f01a2004adb3e26ee5a32815170fd21.jpg","subtitle":null,"address":null,"custom":{"subtitle":null,"text":null}},{"id":220,"title":"Women and the Colorado Coalfield Strike","latitude":37.173294900000001916851033456623554229736328125,"longitude":-104.487565700000004653702490031719207763671875,"thumbnail":"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/square_thumbnails/275364180e69f96a7008fa29fa529432.jpg","fullsize":"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/fullsize/275364180e69f96a7008fa29fa529432.jpg","subtitle":null,"address":"410 Benedicta Ave, Trinidad, CO 81082","custom":{"subtitle":null,"text":null}},{"id":217,"title":"The 1914 Ludlow Massacre","latitude":37.33922299999999694364305469207465648651123046875,"longitude":-104.5839161000000103740603663027286529541015625,"thumbnail":"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/square_thumbnails/ed1731de3deeafc6b6e13eb32784823a.jpg","fullsize":"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/fullsize/ed1731de3deeafc6b6e13eb32784823a.jpg","subtitle":null,"address":null,"custom":{"subtitle":null,"text":null}}]}