Earth First! members gathered on March 21, 1981 to protest the Glen Canyon Dam. Completed in 1966, the dam was the subject of much political controversy and protest by environmentalists. The dam flooded Pueblo cliff dwellings containing ancient artifacts; damaged the Colorado River ecosystem and endangered native species; and submerged the Cathedral in the Desert, a beautiful natural monument within the canyon. In the Earth First! Journal, the group described the dam as having “drowned the most magical place on the continent.” They claimed the dam as a symbol for humanity’s destruction of the planet, and invited members to join in protest. The demonstration was the focal point of a Spring Solstice and full moon celebration by the group.
\nSeventy-five members of Earth First! lined up on the Colorado River bridge at Glen Canyon, carrying protest signs calling for the destruction of the dam and freeing of the river. Several members carried 300-feet of black plastic, then unfurled it over the dam to give the appearance of a large crack. These actions were inspired by The Monkey Wrench Gang, in which a group plans to blow up the Glen Canyon Dam. The author of the influential novel, Edward Abbey, attended the 1981 demonstration and gave a speech while standing on the back of a pickup truck. Abbey referred to Glen Canyon as a treasure stolen from the people by greedy developers and politicians, and the dam as an invasion. He urged the protestors to oppose the destruction of the Earth, and resort to sabotage and subversion when political action failed.
\nAs Abbey completed his speech, National Park Service police and Coconino County Sheriff’s deputies arrived. Law enforcement officers questioned protestors and attempted to disperse the crowd. According to Earth First! founder Dave Foreman, the FBI also investigated the incident and dusted the plastic “crack” for fingerprints. Media attention on the demonstration led to a sudden rise in Earth First! membership, with new members from across the country expressing interest in the movement. The “cracking” of Glen Canyon Dam is often cited as the first moment of radical direct action within the environmental movement. Earth First! was suddenly on the national radar as a radical alternative to mainstream environmental groups.
\nDecades later, Glen Canyon remains a site of controversy. Environmental activists continue to argue for the decommissioning of the dam and restoration of the canyon. Despite growing interest in dam removal, the federal government views Glen Canyon and its reservoir, Lake Powell, as a necessity. Glen Canyon generates electricity for millions of homes, and Lake Powell is used for water storage for the Upper Basin states in the Colorado River Compact.
","sponsor":null,"accessinfo":"","lede":"In 1981, Earth First! staged a demonstration at Glen Canyon Dam, giving the appearance of an attack. The incident placed the group on the national radar, with some calling this the birth of the radical environmental movement.
","website":"","related_resources":["“Cathedral in the Desert.” Glen Canyon Institute. Accessed December 3, 2023. https://www.glencanyon.org/cathedral-in-the-desert/.
","Foreman, Dave, Confessions of an Eco Warrior (New York: Crown Publishing Group, 1991).
","Foreman, Dave, et al., eds., Earth First! Journal 1, no. 2 (21 December 1980). Republished by the Environment & Society Portal, Multimedia Library. http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/5676
","Langlois, Krista, “Down with the Glen Canyon Dam?,” High Country News, September 4, 2017, https://www.hcn.org/issues/49.15/rivers-down-with-the-glen-canyon-dam.
","The Cracking of Glen Canyon Damn with Edward Abbey and Earth First! (Earth Image Films, 1982), https://sacredland.org/the-cracking-of-glen-canyon-damn-with-edward-abbey-and-earth-first/.
"],"factoids":[],"files":{"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/fullsize/483deaf10dd730edfd0ff19ddb60c859.jpg":{"id":3684,"mime-type":"image/png","title":"Glen Canyon, circa 1898","description":"Glen Canyon prior to the dam, photographed circa 1898. Environmentalists sought to protect its natural beauty and historical value.
| \"A bend in Glen Canyon of the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, ca. 1898\" George Wharton James. California Historical Society Collection, 1860-1960. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_bend_in_Glen_Canyon_of_the_Colorado_River,_Grand_Canyon,_ca.1898_(CHS-4708).jpg","thumbnail":"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/square_thumbnails/483deaf10dd730edfd0ff19ddb60c859.jpg"},"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/fullsize/bdf79581f22fcd68585ccbc08243561c.jpg":{"id":3685,"mime-type":"image/png","title":"Glen Canyon Dam","description":"Earth First! viewed Glen Canyon Dam as a symbol of the assault by humans on the Earth. | \"Glen Canyon Dam 2535\" Mark Byzewski. 22 May 2012. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glen_Canyon_Dam_2535.jpg","thumbnail":"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/square_thumbnails/bdf79581f22fcd68585ccbc08243561c.jpg"},"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/fullsize/bd70b25b4e419a7e6be20739d8b732b0.jpg":{"id":3686,"mime-type":"image/png","title":"Lake Powell","description":"Environmentalists continue to advocate for draining of Lake Powell and decommissioning of Glen Canyon Dam, while the federal government sees the dam and reservoir as essential. | \"Lake Powell - Glen Canyon Dam\" Jean-Christophe Benoist. 18 April 2010. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lake_Powell_-_Glen_Canyon_Dam.jpg","thumbnail":"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/square_thumbnails/bd70b25b4e419a7e6be20739d8b732b0.jpg"},"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/fullsize/f21fc9e49529238bc212fe07ba02b742.jpg":{"id":3687,"mime-type":"image/png","title":"Earth First! Journal article","description":"Earth First! Journal published this article about the release of a movie on their demonstration at Glen Canyon Dam in 1981. Earth First! paid a film crew to document the protest and produce the film The Cracking of Glen Canyon Dam.
| Earth First! Journal Volume 2, no. 4. Archive. Republished by the Environment & Society Portal, Multimedia Library. 20 March 1982. https://www.environmentandsociety.org/sites/default/files/key_docs/ef_2_4_sm_0.pdf","thumbnail":"https://www.intermountainhistories.org/files/square_thumbnails/f21fc9e49529238bc212fe07ba02b742.jpg"}}}![https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_bend_in_Glen_Canyon_of_the_Colorado_River,_Grand_Canyon,_ca.1898_(CHS-4708).jpg](\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_bend_in_Glen_Canyon_of_the_Colorado_River,_Grand_Canyon,_ca.1898_(CHS-4708).jpg\"){kind=link}
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